Straightening the Bell Curve: How Stereotypes about Black Masculinity Drive Research on Race and Intelligence (HC) (2012)

Straightening the Bell Curve offers a new way of looking at the distressingly persistent subject of intelligence research as it relates to race and gender. Constance Hilliard's premise--that researchers preoccupied with proving racial hierarchies often sacrifice scientific truth to masculine insecurities--rests on her examination of works of historical and contemporary figures in the field of racial research. Based on this thesis, Straightening the Bell Curve explores the emotional fixations concealed behind the presumably rational ones that propel otherwise clearheaded researchers to ignore elemental flaws in their conceptions as they set out to prove the cognitive inferiority of African Americans.The tendency to justify racial and cultural stereotypes on the grounds that they reflect underlying biological differences has a long and controversial history in America. As far back as the eighteenth century, new areas of scientific research employed craniology and craniometry in an attempt to "document" black inferiority. This scholarly preoccupation with measuring skull sizes emerged concomitant with two important developments: the solidifying of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and the deep-seated fear among Europeans that Africans possessed larger sexual organs than they. Thus, craniologists came to the rescue of their anxious male patrons, insisting that the price Africa's "oversexed savages" paid for being well endowed was cognitive underdevelopment, confirmed through bogus skull measurement experiments.Constance Hilliard's compelling argument aims to change forever the way American society sees research purporting to identify racial differences in cognition and will alter irrevocably the way we view individuals who insist on believing such pseudo-scientific conclusions. This book detonates a debate that will weaken the last barriers standing between America's fractured racial past and its future promise.

Constance Hilliard is an associate professor of history at the University of North Texas in Denton. She has a PhD from Harvard Univer sity and a specialized interest in the history of race science and its global impact. Her previous book, Does Israel Have a Future? The Case for a Post-Zionist State, examines the role played by Western anti-Semitism in fueling the Arab-Israeli conflict. Hilliard is also the author of The Intellectual Traditions of Pre-Colonial Africa. As a former editorial writer for the Dallas
Morning News, she has written dozens of columns on issues of race and foreign policy. Her columns have also appeared in USA Today, the Los Angeles Times, and the Chicago Tribune.